Comptia Security+ 2nd

211 Flashcards
Author profile juicfingaz
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Term/Front Definition/Back
1 What does BYOD stand for? Bring Your Own Device
2 What is BYOD? A policy that allows employees to use personal devices for work.
3 What does MDM stand for? Mobile Device Management
4 What is the purpose of MDM? To manage and secure mobile devices remotely.
5 What is the purpose of SSO? To allow one login for multiple applications.
6 What is RBAC? Assigning permissions based on a user's job role.
7 What does DAC stand for? Discretionary Access Control
8 What does MAC stand for in access control? Mandatory Access Control
9 What is the difference between DAC and MAC? DAC allows owners to set permissions while MAC uses centrally controlled policies.
10 What does RTO stand for? Recovery Time Objective
11 What does RPO stand for? Recovery Point Objective
12 What is RTO? The maximum acceptable time to restore operations after an outage.
13 What is RPO? The maximum acceptable amount of data loss measured in time.
14 What is business continuity planning? Preparing to keep business operations running during disruptions.
15 What is disaster recovery? Restoring systems and operations after a major event.
16 What is an acceptable use policy? Rules defining proper use of company systems and resources.
17 What is XSS? An attack that injects malicious scripts into web pages viewed by users.
18 What does SQL stand for in SQL injection? Structured Query Language
19 What is SQL injection? An attack that inserts malicious database commands into an application.
20 What is CSRF? An attack that tricks a user into performing unwanted actions on a website.
21 What does DDoS stand for? Distributed Denial of Service
22 What is a DDoS attack? An attack using many systems to overwhelm a target with traffic.
23 What is privilege escalation? Gaining higher access rights than originally authorized.
24 What is credential stuffing? Using stolen usernames and passwords to access accounts.
25 What is password spraying? Trying a common password against many accounts.
26 What is a rainbow table? A table of precomputed hash values used to crack passwords.
27 What is salting in password security? Adding random data to passwords before hashing.
28 What is obfuscation? Making data or code difficult to understand or reverse engineer.
29 What is data masking? Hiding sensitive information while preserving its format.
30 What is exfiltration? Unauthorized transfer of data out of a system.
31 What is reconnaissance in cybersecurity? Gathering information about a target before an attack.
32 What is enumeration? Collecting detailed information about systems and services.
33 What is a vulnerability assessment? Identifying and prioritizing security weaknesses.
34 What is the MITRE ATT&CK framework? A knowledge base of attacker tactics and techniques.
35 What does IOC stand for? Indicator of Compromise
36 What is an Indicator of Compromise? Evidence that suggests a system may have been breached.
37 What does TTP stand for in cybersecurity? Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures
38 What is a tactic in the MITRE ATT&CK framework? The attacker's goal or objective.
39 What is a technique in the MITRE ATT&CK framework? The method used to achieve a tactic.
40 What is a procedure in cybersecurity? The specific way an attacker carries out a technique.
41 What does CVE stand for? Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures
42 What does CVSS stand for? Common Vulnerability Scoring System
43 What is the purpose of CVSS? To measure the severity of vulnerabilities.
44 What does CWE stand for? Common Weakness Enumeration
45 What is a security baseline? A minimum set of security standards for systems.
46 What is a benchmark in security? A recommended configuration standard for systems.
47 What is a whitelist? A list of approved items that are allowed.
48 What is a blacklist? A list of blocked items that are denied.
49 What is application allowlisting? Allowing only approved applications to run.
50 What is sandboxing? Running programs in an isolated environment for safety.
51 What is secure boot? A feature that prevents unauthorized software from loading during startup.
52 What does EOS stand for? End of Support
53 What is End of Life (EOL)? The point when a product is no longer sold or developed.
54 What is End of Support (EOS)? The point when a product no longer receives updates or fixes.
55 What is patching? Installing updates to fix bugs and security issues.
56 What is an exploit? Code or actions that take advantage of a vulnerability.
57 What is a security control? A safeguard used to reduce risk.
58 What are administrative controls? Policies, procedures, and training that improve security.
59 What are technical controls? Hardware and software measures that protect systems.
60 What are physical controls? Security measures that protect physical assets and locations.
61 What is the purpose of security awareness training? To teach users how to recognize and avoid threats.
62 What is phishing awareness training? Training that helps users identify phishing attempts.
63 What is the purpose of a security audit? To evaluate compliance with policies and standards.
64 What is compliance? Following laws, regulations, and organizational policies.
65 What is governance in cybersecurity? The process of directing and managing security efforts.
66 What is due diligence? Investigating and assessing risks before making decisions.
67 What is due care? Taking reasonable steps to protect assets and reduce risks.
68 What is risk mitigation? Reducing the likelihood or impact of a risk.
69 What is risk acceptance? Choosing to accept a risk without taking action to reduce it.
70 What is qualitative risk analysis? Evaluating risk using categories such as low, medium, and high.
71 What is quantitative risk analysis? Evaluating risk using numerical values and calculations.
72 What does ALE stand for? Annual Loss Expectancy
73 What does SLE stand for? Single Loss Expectancy
74 What does ARO stand for? Annual Rate of Occurrence
75 What formula is used to calculate ALE? SLE × ARO
76 What formula is used to calculate SLE? Asset Value × Exposure Factor
77 What does EF stand for in risk management? Exposure Factor
78 What is an asset in cybersecurity? Anything of value that needs protection.
79 What is a vulnerability scan? An automated process that identifies known weaknesses.
80 What is a penetration test? An authorized attempt to exploit vulnerabilities.
81 What is a red team exercise? A simulated attack to test defenses.
82 What is a blue team exercise? Defensive activities that detect and respond to attacks.
83 What is a purple team exercise? Collaboration between red and blue teams to improve security.
84 What is log analysis? Reviewing logs to identify suspicious activity or problems.
85 What is threat intelligence? Information about current and emerging threats.
86 What is a zero trust model? A security approach that assumes no user or device is automatically trusted.
87 What is microsegmentation? Dividing networks into very small secure sections.
88 What is Network Access Control (NAC)? A system that verifies device security before granting network access.
89 What does CASB stand for? Cloud Access Security Broker
90 What is a Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB)? A security layer between users and cloud services.
91 What does IAM stand for? Identity and Access Management
92 What is Identity and Access Management (IAM)? Managing user identities and permissions.
93 What does PAM stand for? Privileged Access Management
94 What does SAML stand for? Security Assertion Markup Language
95 What is SAML used for? Sharing authentication information between systems.
96 What does OAuth do? Allows applications limited access to user resources without sharing passwords.
97 What does OpenID Connect provide? User authentication built on top of OAuth.
98 What is federation in identity management? Allowing users to access multiple systems with one identity.
99 What is an identity provider (IdP)? A system that authenticates users and provides identity information.
100 What is a service provider (SP) in federated identity? A system that relies on an identity provider for authentication.
101 What is provisioning? Creating user accounts and assigning access rights.
102 What is deprovisioning? Removing accounts and access when no longer needed.
103 What is account disablement? Temporarily preventing a user from logging in.
104 What is account expiration? Automatically disabling an account after a set date.
105 What is privilege creep? Users accumulating unnecessary permissions over time.
106 What is an access review? A periodic check to ensure users have appropriate permissions.
107 What does BCP stand for? Business Continuity Planning
108 What does DRP stand for? Disaster Recovery Planning
109 What is the purpose of Business Continuity Planning? To keep critical business functions operating during disruptions.
110 What is the purpose of Disaster Recovery Planning? To restore IT systems and data after an incident.
111 What is a hot site? A fully operational backup facility ready for immediate use.
112 What is a warm site? A partially equipped backup facility requiring some setup.
113 What is a cold site? A backup location with basic infrastructure but little or no equipment.
114 What is fault tolerance? The ability of a system to continue operating after a failure.
115 What is load balancing? Distributing workloads across multiple systems to improve performance and availability.
116 What is clustering? Multiple systems working together as one for reliability and performance.
117 What is geographic redundancy? Keeping systems or data in multiple physical locations.
118 What is data replication? Copying data between systems or locations.
119 What is a backup retention policy? Rules for how long backups are stored.
120 What is a full backup? A backup of all selected data.
121 What is an incremental backup? A backup of data changed since the last backup.
122 What is a differential backup? A backup of data changed since the last full backup.
123 What is backup verification? Confirming that backups can be successfully restored.
124 What is failback? Returning operations to the original system after recovery.
125 What is a recovery exercise? Testing recovery procedures to verify readiness.
126 What is a lessons learned review? An evaluation performed after an incident to improve future responses.
127 What does WEP stand for? Wired Equivalent Privacy
128 Which wireless security standard is considered the most secure? WPA3
129 What advantage does the 5 GHz band have over 2.4 GHz? Faster speeds and less interference.
130 What advantage does the 2.4 GHz band have over 5 GHz? Longer range and better wall penetration.
131 What does SSID stand for? Service Set Identifier
132 What is an SSID? The name of a wireless network.
133 What is a hidden SSID? A wireless network name that is not broadcast publicly.
134 What is a wireless access point? A device that provides wireless network connectivity.
135 What is site surveying in wireless networking? Evaluating wireless coverage and interference in an area.
136 What is channel overlap? Multiple wireless networks using the same frequencies and causing interference.
137 What is interference in wireless networking? Signals that disrupt wireless communication.
138 What does NFC stand for? Near Field Communication
139 What does RFID stand for? Radio Frequency Identification
140 What is RFID commonly used for? Tracking items and controlling physical access.
141 What does SYN stand for in TCP? Synchronize
142 What is a socket in networking? A combination of an IP address and a port number.
143 What is a port number used for? To identify a specific service or application on a device.
144 What is a registered port range? Ports 1024 through 49151.
145 What is a dynamic or private port range? Ports 49152 through 65535.
146 What does FQDN stand for? Fully Qualified Domain Name
147 What is an FQDN? The complete domain name of a host on the internet.
148 What is a domain controller? A server that manages authentication and access in a domain.
149 What does AD stand for? Active Directory
150 What is Active Directory used for? Managing users, computers, and resources in a network.
151 What does GPO stand for? Group Policy Object
152 What is a Group Policy Object used for? Applying settings and restrictions to users and computers.
153 What is Kerberos used for? Secure authentication in domain environments.
154 What port does Kerberos use? 88
155 What does LDAP over SSL use as its default port? 636
156 What does SMB stand for? Server Message Block
157 What is SMB used for? File and printer sharing on networks.
158 What port does SMB use? 445
159 What does NTP stand for? Network Time Protocol
160 What is NTP used for? Synchronizing clocks between systems.
161 What port does NTP use? 123
162 What does TFTP stand for? Trivial File Transfer Protocol
163 What is TFTP commonly used for? Transferring boot files and network device configurations.
164 What port does TFTP use? 69
165 What does Syslog do? Collects and stores log messages from devices.
166 What port does Syslog commonly use? 514
167 What port does Telnet use? 23
168 What is the main security issue with Telnet? It sends data in plain text.
169 What does SCP stand for? Secure Copy Protocol
170 What is SCP used for? Securely transferring files between systems.
171 What does SFTP stand for? SSH File Transfer Protocol
172 What is SFTP used for? Secure file transfers over SSH.
173 What port does SFTP use? 22
174 What port does Secure LDAP use? 636
175 What does SNMP stand for? Simple Network Management Protocol
176 What is SNMP used for? Monitoring and managing network devices.
177 What does MIB stand for in SNMP? Management Information Base
178 What is a Management Information Base (MIB)? A database of information about managed devices.
179 What does SNMP trap do? Sends alerts from devices to management systems.
180 What port does SNMP use for queries? 161
181 What port does SNMP use for traps? 162
182 What does QoS stand for? Quality of Service
183 What is Quality of Service (QoS)? Prioritizing important network traffic.
184 What does VoIP stand for? Voice over Internet Protocol
185 What is VoIP used for? Making phone calls over IP networks.
186 What does PoE stand for? Power over Ethernet
187 What is Power over Ethernet (PoE)? Delivering electrical power through Ethernet cables.
188 What Ethernet cable type is commonly used for local networks? Twisted pair cable
189 What does STP stand for in cabling? Shielded Twisted Pair
190 What does UTP stand for in cabling? Unshielded Twisted Pair
191 What cable type uses light instead of electricity to transmit data? Fiber optic cable
192 What is the main advantage of fiber optic cable? Higher speeds and longer distances with less interference.
193 What does SIEM stand for? Security Information and Event Management
194 What is the purpose of SIEM? To collect, analyze, and alert on security events.
195 What does SOAR stand for? Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response
196 What is the purpose of SOAR? To automate security workflows and incident response tasks.
197 What does XDR stand for? Extended Detection and Response
198 What is XDR designed to do? To correlate and respond to threats across multiple environments.
199 What does UEBA stand for? User and Entity Behavior Analytics
200 What is UEBA used for? Detecting unusual user or device behavior that may indicate threats.
201 What does DLP stand for? Data Loss Prevention
202 What is Data Loss Prevention (DLP)? Technology that prevents unauthorized sharing of sensitive data.
203 What does FIM stand for? File Integrity Monitoring
204 What is File Integrity Monitoring (FIM)? Monitoring files for unauthorized changes.
205 What does EPP stand for? Endpoint Protection Platform
206 What is an Endpoint Protection Platform (EPP)? Software that protects endpoint devices from threats.
207 What does PKI stand for? Public Key Infrastructure
208 What is the purpose of PKI? To manage digital certificates and encryption keys.
209 What is integrity in cybersecurity? Ensuring data remains accurate and unaltered.
210 What is availability in cybersecurity? Ensuring systems and data are accessible when needed.
211 What is confidentiality in cybersecurity? Protecting information from unauthorized access.

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